Advances in radiotherapy: from 2D to 4D
نویسندگان
چکیده
Imaging techniques are increasingly integrated into modern radiotherapy (RT). Multimodal imaging is used to define the target for RT planning and imaging technology is also being integrated into linear accelerators, with the purpose to ensure delivery of radiation with high geometric accuracy. The integration of imaging in RT calls for a stronger collaboration between diagnostic radiologists and the professions involved in RT.
منابع مشابه
Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Second-to-fourth Digit Length Ratio (2D: 4D) in the Green-Bellied Lizard (Darevskia cholorogaster) from Iran
Sexual dimorphism in digit ration is related to genetic differences between species in response to prenatal exposure to hormones. In this study, the development of tetrapod digits, preliminary the ratio between the length of digit II and IV (2D: 4D) was investigated in 34 samples of Darevskia cholorogaster in the North of Iran. The results showed no significant differences between sexes in any ...
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Sexual dimorphism in the ratio of digits length is a morphological feature resulted from the interaction between sex hormones and prenatal Hox genes, the latter is known to control the development of both limbs and genitals. The status of this trend and ratios have been investigated in various animal groups, including humans, other mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In this study, the bo...
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Background: Sex determination from human remains is a challenge for forensic experts. Many studies have shown that the finger length ratios might be characteristic for sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study was to determine sexual dimorphism in finger length ratios among Iranian population. Methods: The study group comprised of a random sample of 100 healthy people without congenital or acqu...
متن کاملThe Ratio of Second to Fourth Digit Length (2D:4D) in Children with Autistic Disorder
Introduction Emerging hypotheses suggest a causal role for prenatal androgen exposure in some cases of Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The ratios of the lengths of the bones of the 2nd to the 4th digits (2D:4D) are purported to be markers for prenatal androgen exposure and to be established early in gestation. Ratio of second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is usually used as a proxy for prenatal t...
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Background Genetic impacts on handwriting legibility and speed, especially in early childhood, are not well understood. The present study used a 2D:4D ratio as a biological marker to investigate the associations between genetic factors with quality and speed of handwriting among the elementary school children. Ma...
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